Client code library
OCI Instant Client data shared library (English only)
Installing SQL*Plus Instant Client from the 12 c Client Release Media
Run the installer on the Oracle Database 12 c Client Release media and choose the Administrator option.
Create a new directory, for example, /home/instantclient12_1 on UNIX and Linux, or c:\instantclient12_1 on Windows.
Copy the SQL*Plus Instant Client and the OCI Instant Client files to the new directory. All files must be copied from the same ORACLE_HOME.
Installing SQL*Plus Instant Client on UNIX or Linux
To install SQL*Plus Instant Client using the Basic OCI package on UNIX and Linux, copy the following files:
To install SQL*Plus Instant Client using the lightweight OCI package on UNIX and Linux, copy the following files:
Installing SQL*Plus Instant Client on Windows
To install SQL*Plus Instant Client using the Basic OCI package on Windows, copy the following files:
To install SQL*Plus Instant Client using the lightweight OCI package on Windows, copy the following files:
Configuring SQL*Plus Instant Client
The SQL*Plus Instant Client executable should only be used with the matching version of the OCI Instant Client.
Note that no ORACLE_HOME or ORACLE_SID environment variables need to be set.
Configuring SQL*Plus Instant Client on Linux (from RPMs)
The RPMs downloaded from OTN install into Oracle specific sub-directories in the /usr file system. The sub-directory structure enables multiple versions of Instant Client to be available.
Add the name of the directory containing the Instant Client libraries to LD_LIBRARY_PATH. Remove any other Oracle directories.
For example, to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH on Solaris in the Bourne or Korn shells:
For example, to set PATH in the bash shell:
Set Oracle globalization variables required for your locale. A default locale will be assumed if no variables are set. See the Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for more information.
Configuring SQL*Plus Instant Client on Linux (from Client Media or Zip File) and UNIX
Add the name of the directory containing the Instant Client files to the appropriate shared library path LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LIBPATH or SHLIB_PATH. Remove any other Oracle directories.
For example on Solaris in the Bourne or Korn shells:
Add the directory containing the Instant Client files to the PATH environment variable. If it is not set, then an absolute or relative path must be used to start SQL*Plus. Remove any other Oracle directories from PATH. For example:
Set Oracle globalization variables required for your locale. A default locale will be assumed if no variables are set. See the Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for more information.
Configuring SQL*Plus Instant Client on Windows
The environment may be configured using SET commands in a Windows command prompt or made permanent by setting Environment Variables in System Properties.
For example, to set environment variables in Windows 2000 using System Properties, open System from the Control Panel, click the Advanced tab and then click Environment Variables.
Add the directory containing the Instant Client files to the PATH system environment variable. Remove any other Oracle directories from PATH.
For example, add c:\instantclient12_1 to the beginning of PATH.
Set Oracle globalization variables required for your locale. A default locale will be assumed if no variables are set. See the Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for more information. For example, to set NLS_LANG for a Japanese environment, create a user environment variable NLS_LANG set to JAPANESE_JAPAN.JA16EUC.
If you have installed the lightweight Instant Client, see Lightweight Instant Client for information about supported NLS_LANG settings.
Connecting to a Database with SQL*Plus Instant Client
SQL*Plus Instant Client is always ‘remote’ from any database server. To connect to a database you must specify the database using an Oracle Net connection identifier.
An example using an Easy Connection identifier to connect to the HR schema in the MYDB database running on mymachine is:
Alternatively you can use a Net Service Name:
If you want to use Net Service Names configured in a local Oracle Net tnsnames.ora file, then set the environment variable TNS_ADMIN to the directory containing the tnsnames.ora file. For example, on UNIX, if your tnsnames.ora file is in /home/user1 and it defines the Net Service Name MYDB2:
The TWO_TASK (on UNIX) or LOCAL (on Windows) environment variable can be set to a connection identifier. This removes the need to explicitly enter the connection identifier whenever a connection is made in SQL*Plus or SQL*Plus Instant Client. This UNIX example connects to the database known as MYDB4:
On Windows, TNS_ADMIN and LOCAL may be set in the System Properties. See Configuring SQL*Plus Instant Client on Windows.
AS SYSDBA or AS SYSOPER Connections with SQL*Plus Instant Client
To connect AS SYSDBA or AS SYSOPER to perform DBA tasks, you need to set up an Oracle password file on the database server using the database’s orapwd utility. Once this is configured, your SQL*Plus Instant Client connection string might look something like:
See the Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide for information on Oracle password files.
Uninstalling Instant Client
The SQL*Plus Instant Client package can be removed separately from the OCI Instant Client. After uninstalling the SQL*Plus Instant Client package, the remaining OCI Instant Client libraries enable custom written OCI programs or third party database utilities to connect to a database.
Uninstalling SQL*Plus Instant Client
For installations on UNIX and Windows, and installations on Linux from the Client Release media, manually remove the following SQL*Plus specific files:
Table D-4 Instant Client Files in the SQL*Plus Package
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Как установить sql plus
SQL*Plus is an interactive and batch query tool that is installed with every Oracle Database installation. It has a command-line user interface.
There is also the SQL*Plus Instant Client which is a standalone command-line interface available on platforms that support the OCI Instant Client. SQL*Plus Instant Client connects to any available Oracle database, but does not require its own Oracle database installation. See the Oracle Call Interface Programmer’s Guide for more information on the OCI Instant Client.
SQL*Plus has its own commands and environment, and it provides access to the Oracle Database. It enables you to enter and execute SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus and operating system commands to perform the following:
Format, perform calculations on, store, and print from query results
Examine table and object definitions
Develop and run batch scripts
Perform database administration
You can use SQL*Plus to generate reports interactively, to generate reports as batch processes, and to output the results to text file, to screen, or to HTML file for browsing on the Internet. You can generate reports dynamically using the HTML output facility of SQL*Plus.
Who Can Use SQL*Plus
The SQL*Plus, SQL, and PL/SQL command languages are powerful enough to serve the needs of users with some database experience, yet straightforward enough for new users who are just learning to work with the Oracle Database.
The SQL*Plus language is easy to use. For example, to rename a column labeled LAST_NAME with the heading «Family Name», enter the command:
Similarly, to list column definitions for the EMPLOYEES table, enter the command:
How Can I Learn SQL*Plus
There are several sources available to assist you to learn SQL*Plus:
Part II of this Guide, Using SQL*Plus
Help for SQL*Plus, Command-line help
Oracle Database 12 c : SQL Fundamentals
An instructor-led course run by Oracle. This is a comprehensive hands-on course taking the student through all aspects of using SQL*Plus to access Oracle Database.
More Oracle Database 12 c Training
How to Use the SQL*Plus Guide
SQL*Plus Command-line Architecture
SQL*Plus command-line uses a two-tier model comprising:
Client (command-line user interface).
Database (Oracle Database).
The two tiers may be on the same computer.
SQL*Plus Client
The command-line user interface is the character-based terminal implementation.
Oracle Database
Oracle Database Net components provide communication between the SQL*Plus Client and Oracle Database.
SQL*Plus Prerequisites
SQL*Plus is a component of Oracle Database. SQL*Plus is installed by default when you install the Oracle Database.
Some aspects of Oracle Database and SQL*Plus differ from one computer and operating system to another. These topics are discussed in the Oracle Database Installation Guide for each operating system that SQL*Plus supports.
What is necessary before you can run SQL*Plus?
Obtain an Oracle Database login username and password during installation or from your Database Administrator. See Login Username and Password.
Ensure a sample database is installed and that you have a login username and password for it during Oracle Database installation. See About Sample Schemas and SQL*Plus.
Create a default database during installation or obtain the connection identifier for the Oracle Database you want to connect to from your Database Administrator. See About Connecting to a Database.
Ensure the database you want to connect to is started. See the STARTUP command.
SQL*Plus Date Format
The default date format in SQL*Plus is determined by the database NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter and may use a date format displaying two digit years. You can use the SQL TO_CHAR function, or the SQL*Plus COLUMN FORMAT command in your SELECT statements to control the way dates are displayed in your report.
Starting SQL*Plus Command-line
In the following examples, you are prompted to enter the database account password.
An example using an Easy Connection identifier to connect to the HR schema in the MYDB database running on mymachine is:
An example using a Net Service Name is:
Net Service Names can be stored in several places, including Oracle Names. See the Net Services Reference Guide for more information.
If you want to use Net Service Names configured in a local Oracle Net tnsnames.ora file, then set the environment variable TNS_ADMIN to the directory containing the tnsnames.ora file. For example, on UNIX, if your tnsnames.ora file is in /home/user1 and it defines the Net Service Name MYDB2:
The TWO_TASK (on UNIX) or LOCAL (on Windows) environment variable can be set to a connection identifier. This removes the need to explicitly enter the connection identifier whenever a connection is made in SQL*Plus or SQL*Plus Instant Client. This UNIX example connects to the database known as MYDB4:
To start SQL*Plus and connect to the default database
You are prompted to enter your password.
Now you can start entering and executing SQL, PL/SQL and SQL*Plus statements and commands at the SQL> prompt.
Open a UNIX or a Windows terminal and enter the SQL*Plus command:
You are prompted to enter your password.
About Starting SQL*Plus Instant Client
SQL*Plus Instant Client is the SQL*Plus command-line without the need to install Oracle Database. For information about using it, see Starting SQL*Plus Command-line.
Because SQL*Plus Instant Client does not include a database, it is always ‘remote’ from any database server. To connect to a database you must specify the database using an Oracle Net connection identifier.
If TNS_ADMIN is not set, then an operating system dependent set of directories is examined to find tnsnames.ora. This search path includes looking in the directory specified by the ORACLE_HOME environment variable for network/admin/tnsnames.ora. This is the only reason to set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable for SQL*Plus Instant Client. If ORACLE_HOME is set when running Instant Client applications, it must be set to a directory that exists.
About Connecting to a Different Database
From an existing command-line session, enter a CONNECT command in the form:
You are prompted to enter your password.
About Sample Schemas and SQL*Plus
Sample schemas are included with the Oracle Database. Examples in this guide use the EMP_DETAILS_VIEW view of the Human Resources (HR) sample schema. This schema contains personnel records for a fictitious company. To view column details for the view, EMP_DETAILS_VIEW, enter
For more information about the sample schemas, see the Oracle Database Sample Schemas guide.
Unlocking the Sample Tables
The Human Resources (HR) Sample Schema is installed as part of the default Oracle Database installation. The HR account is locked by default.
You must unlock the HR account before you can use the HR sample schema. To unlock the HR account, log in as the SYSTEM user and enter the following command, where your_password is the password you want to define for the user HR:
For further information about unlocking the HR account, see the Oracle Database Sample Schemas guide. The HR user is primarily to enable you to access the HR sample schema and is necessary to enable you to run the examples in this guide.
And on the following directory on Windows:
To create the HR tables from command-line SQL*Plus, do the following:
On Windows, enter the following command at the SQL*Plus prompt:
To remove the sample tables, perform the same steps but substitute HR_DROP.SQL for HR_MAIN.SQL.
Running your first Query
To describe a database object, for example, column details for EMP_DETAILS_VIEW, enter a DESCRIBE command like:
which produces the following output:
To rename the column headings, and to select data from the HR sample schema view, EMP_DETAILS_VIEW, enter
Источник
Как установить sql plus
SQL*Plus is an interactive and batch query tool that is installed with every Oracle Database installation. It has a command-line user interface.
There is also the SQL*Plus Instant Client which is a standalone command-line interface available on platforms that support the OCI Instant Client. SQL*Plus Instant Client connects to any available Oracle database, but does not require its own Oracle database installation. See the Oracle Call Interface Programmer’s Guide for more information on the OCI Instant Client.
SQL*Plus has its own commands and environment, and it provides access to the Oracle Database. It enables you to enter and execute SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus and operating system commands to perform the following:
Format, perform calculations on, store, and print from query results
Examine table and object definitions
Develop and run batch scripts
Perform database administration
You can use SQL*Plus to generate reports interactively, to generate reports as batch processes, and to output the results to text file, to screen, or to HTML file for browsing on the Internet. You can generate reports dynamically using the HTML output facility of SQL*Plus.
Who Can Use SQL*Plus
The SQL*Plus, SQL, and PL/SQL command languages are powerful enough to serve the needs of users with some database experience, yet straightforward enough for new users who are just learning to work with the Oracle Database.
The SQL*Plus language is easy to use. For example, to rename a column labeled LAST_NAME with the heading «Family Name», enter the command:
Similarly, to list column definitions for the EMPLOYEES table, enter the command:
How Can I Learn SQL*Plus
There are several sources available to assist you to learn SQL*Plus:
Part II of this Guide, Using SQL*Plus
Help for SQL*Plus, Command-line help
Oracle Database 12c: SQL Fundamentals
An instructor-led course run by Oracle. This is a comprehensive hands-on course taking the student through all aspects of using SQL*Plus to access Oracle Database.
More Oracle Database 12c Training
How to Use the SQL*Plus Guide
SQL*Plus Command-line Architecture
SQL*Plus command-line uses a two-tier model comprising:
Client (command-line user interface).
Database (Oracle Database).
The two tiers may be on the same computer.
SQL*Plus Client
The command-line user interface is the character-based terminal implementation.
Oracle Database
Oracle Database Net components provide communication between the SQL*Plus Client and Oracle Database.
SQL*Plus Prerequisites
SQL*Plus is a component of Oracle Database. SQL*Plus is installed by default when you install the Oracle Database.
Some aspects of Oracle Database and SQL*Plus differ from one computer and operating system to another. These topics are discussed in the Oracle Database Installation Guide for each operating system that SQL*Plus supports.
What is necessary before you can run SQL*Plus?
Obtain an Oracle Database login username and password during installation or from your Database Administrator. See Login Username and Password.
Ensure a sample database is installed and that you have a login username and password for it. See About Sample Schemas and SQL*Plus.
Create a default database during installation or obtain the connection identifier for the Oracle Database you want to connect to from your Database Administrator. See About Connecting to a Database.
Ensure the database you want to connect to is started. See the STARTUP command.
SQL*Plus Date Format
The default date format in SQL*Plus is determined by the database NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter and may use a date format displaying two digit years. You can use the SQL TO_CHAR function, or the SQL*Plus COLUMN FORMAT command in your SELECT statements to control the way dates are displayed in your report.
Starting SQL*Plus Command-line
In the following examples, you are prompted to enter the database account password.
An example using an Easy Connection identifier to connect to the HR schema in the MYDB database running on mymachine is:
An example using a Net Service Name is:
Net Service Names can be stored in several places, including Oracle Names. See the Net Services Reference Guide for more information.
If you want to use Net Service Names configured in a local Oracle Net tnsnames.ora file, then set the environment variable TNS_ADMIN to the directory containing the tnsnames.ora file. For example, on UNIX, if your tnsnames.ora file is in /home/user1 and it defines the Net Service Name MYDB2:
The TWO_TASK (on UNIX) or LOCAL (on Windows) environment variable can be set to a connection identifier. This removes the need to explicitly enter the connection identifier whenever a connection is made in SQL*Plus or SQL*Plus Instant Client. This UNIX example connects to the database known as MYDB4:
To start SQL*Plus and connect to the default database
You are prompted to enter your password.
Now you can start entering and executing SQL, PL/SQL and SQL*Plus statements and commands at the SQL> prompt.
Open a UNIX or a Windows terminal and enter the SQL*Plus command:
You are prompted to enter your password.
About Starting SQL*Plus Instant Client
SQL*Plus Instant Client is the SQL*Plus command-line without the need to install Oracle Database. For information about using it, see Starting SQL*Plus Command-line.
Because SQL*Plus Instant Client does not include a database, it is always ‘remote’ from any database server. To connect to a database you must specify the database using an Oracle Net connection identifier.
If TNS_ADMIN is not set, then an operating system dependent set of directories is examined to find tnsnames.ora. This search path includes looking in the directory specified by the ORACLE_HOME environment variable for network/admin/tnsnames.ora. This is the only reason to set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable for SQL*Plus Instant Client. If ORACLE_HOME is set when running Instant Client applications, it must be set to a directory that exists.
About Connecting to a Different Database
From an existing command-line session, enter a CONNECT command in the form:
You are prompted to enter your password.
About Sample Schemas and SQL*Plus
Sample schemas are no longer included with the Oracle Database. Starting from Oracle Database 21c, you need to download sample schemas from the GitHub repository. Examples in this guide use the EMP_DETAILS_VIEW view of the Human Resources (HR) sample schema. This schema contains personnel records for a fictitious company. To view column details for the view, EMP_DETAILS_VIEW, enter
For more information about the sample schemas, see the Oracle Database Sample Schemas guide.
Unlocking the Sample Tables
The Human Resources (HR) Sample Schema is not installed as part of the default Oracle Database installation. Starting from Oracle Database 21c, you need to download the sample schemas from the GitHub repository. The HR account is locked by default.
You must unlock the HR account before you can use the HR sample schema. To unlock the HR account, log in as the SYSTEM user and enter the following command, where your_password is the password you want to define for the user HR:
For further information about unlocking the HR account, see the Oracle Database Sample Schemas guide. The HR user is primarily to enable you to access the HR sample schema and is necessary to enable you to run the examples in this guide.
And on the following directory on Windows:
To create the HR tables from command-line SQL*Plus, do the following:
On Windows, enter the following command at the SQL*Plus prompt:
To remove the sample tables, perform the same steps but substitute HR_DROP.SQL for HR_MAIN.SQL.
Running your first Query
To describe a database object, for example, column details for EMP_DETAILS_VIEW, enter a DESCRIBE command like:
which produces the following output:
To rename the column headings, and to select data from the HR sample schema view, EMP_DETAILS_VIEW, enter
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sqlplus running on Windows 10 command line
